Background. Climate change and global warming pose one of the greatest threats to publichealth. The medical sector, responsible for a significant percentage of global greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions, faces the necessity of reducing its carbon footprint. Among the mainsources of pollution in healthcare are volatile anesthetic agents, such as desflurane,sevoflurane, and isoflurane, which exhibit a high Global Warming Potential (GWP) and arereleased into the atmosphere in unchanged form.Aim. This systematic review aims to analyze the environmental impact of these anestheticgases and present alternative, more sustainable anesthesia methods, including TotalIntravenous Anesthesia (TIVA), Low-Flow Anesthesia (LFA), and Regional Anesthesia(RA).Material and methods. A systematic review of the scientific literature was conducted usingthe PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Search phrases included: green anesthesia, TIVA,low-flow anesthesia, regional anesthesia, and anesthesia environmental. After initialscreening, 27 articles published since 2020 were selected for detailed analysis to serve as thebasis for this systematic review.Results. The results clearly indicate that TIVA, LFA, and RA significantly reduce the carbonfootprint. Furthermore, TIVA and LFA offer measurable clinical benefits, such as a reductionin postoperative cognitive dysfunction, faster recovery, and lower operational costs. The mostsignificant environmental impact is attributed to desflurane (highest GWP), while sevofluraneis the most ecological of the inhaled agents.Conclusions. The application of alternative methods (TIVA, LFA, RA) is crucial forsignificantly reducing the carbon footprint associated with anesthesia, without compromisingpatient comfort. Key elements for implementing these changes include educating medicalstaff and investing in appropriate equipment to transition towards more conscious andsustainable anesthetic practices.