The widespread use of anti-infective drugs, including antibiotics, antifungals, and antivirals, has raised environmental concerns due to their persistence and contribution to antibiotic resistance, posing serious risks to both ecological balance and human health. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have emerged as promising solutions for degrading contaminants in wastewater. Among AOPs, electrooxidation, which utilizes reactive oxygen species to break down complex pollutants, stands out as a cost-effective and efficient treatment method. The application of boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes in electrochemical techniques is noteworthy due to their stability, high electrochemical performance, and durability. This review explores the role of these electrodes in degrading anti-infective drugs, analyzing key operational factors affecting process efficiency, such as pH, supporting electrolyte, organic matrix, current density, and electrode modification. The benefits and limitations of integrating electrooxidation with other treatment methods – including the Fenton process, photolysis, and persulfate-based system – are also evaluated. Special attention is given to challenges such as energy consumption and the formation of potentially toxic by-products. This study highlight performance trends, identifies research gaps and discusses synergistic strategies to support the development of future research directions. These efforts advance BDD-based treatment technologies that reduce the environmental impact of anti-infective drugs, protecting ecosystems and human health.