Introduction: Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are a unique type of stem cell which can be successfully used in regenerative medicine. They are safe, have the ‘stem cell’ ability of self-renewal and under appropriate conditions can differentiate into other types of cells without the problem of teratoma formation. MSCs express the characteristic phenotype (CD73ᶧ, CD90ᶧ, CD105ᶧ, CD14⁻, CD19⁻, CD34⁻, CD45⁻, HLA-DR⁻) and show immunosuppressive features, such as low expression of MHC I, lack of MHC II and secretion of a wide variety of immunoprotective cytokines and growth factors. One of the MSC sources is adipose tissue, which has some advantages compared with other existing sources. Currently, adipose tissue as a source of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells have become of interest due to a less invasive procedure of isolation and safety. This review contains data from various studies about the usage of adipose-derived MSCs in the treatment of different diseases. Objectives: The main aim of this review is evaluation of the useful characteristics of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and their usage in stem cell treatment of some diseases. The aim is to describe the current knowledge and future perspectives. Conclusions: Adipose-derived MSCs (AD-MSCs) represent a good tool in regenerative stem cell therapy.