Introduction: A growing number of patients are reporting to dentists with the symptoms of temporomandibular disorder (TMD). It is considered to be a civilization disease which can be found mainly in the societies of highly developed countries. It has not fully known etiology, and the influence of various general factors pose a challenge for specialists. Objectives: A main aim of the study was to determine the characteristics of TMD and presentation of data concerning its epidemiology, etiology, clinical symptoms and methods of treatment. State of knowledge: TMD is the third, after caries and periodontal diseases, contemporary problem concerning patients reporting to dentists. According to the WHO data, it can be observed in approximately 50–80% of adults, mainly between 30–40 years old, and more frequently concerns women. Factors predisposing to the development of disorders are of local and systemic character. It is suggested that the most vital factor determining the occurrence of TMD disorder is psychosocial instability of the sick. Therapeutic treatment includes procedures from the field of physical medicine and manual techniques of muscles relaxation, as well as pharmacotherapy, psychiatric/psychological therapy, and splints therapy, with simultaneous educational and preventive actions Summary: An interdisciplinary attitude towards TMD is of key importance when it comes to diagnostics and treatment, while multifactorial etiology shows the need for multidisciplinary treatment.