Autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections (PANDAS) are difficult to recognize and diagnose. Symptoms are non-specific, appear suddenly, and may be related to a prior Group A beta-haemolytic streptococcal infection. Limited research complicates treatment. The case is presented of a 10-year-old boy with suspected PANDAS. Symptoms occurred after scarlet fever at the age of 5, which included sudden behavioural changes, decreased attention, and frequent dropping of objects. Over time, there were periods of worsening symptoms, especially during infections and stressful situations. Due to a positive titer of anti-Yo onconeural antibodies, IVIG therapy was initiated. Despite four series of treatment, the neurological symptoms did not significantly decrease. PANDAS remains a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, requiring further research. It is important to emphasize the need for an interdisciplinary approach and new therapeutic strategies to improve patient outcomes.